Chapter 1. Introduction.- Chapter 2. Physiology and psychology in Russia and the USSR: a synopsis (1897-1952).- Chapter 3. The rise of Argentine Pavlovism: early readings, partisan appropriations, and controversies (1936-1960).- Chapter 4. Clinic, psychology and politics (1951-1974).- Chapter 5. Crisis and the decline of Argentine Pavlovism (1963-1977).- Chapter 6. From Pavlovism to Vygotskianism (1980-1991).- Chapter 7. Conclusions.